BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES 

introduction of Biochemistry: 

Biochemistry is a branch of biology, which deals with the study of chemical processes in the body of living organisms. 

importance of Biochemistry: 

(i) It helps to get information about all chemical processes which take place in the body 

of living organisms, such as formation of body structures, protein synthesis, various metabolic processes. 

(ii) It also explains about abnormal reactions, responsible for diseases. For the treatment of diseases different medicines and equipments are prepared for the control of diseases. 

(ii) It also provides information about cell differentiation. After fertilization the zygote passes through certain changes, due to which different organs of the body are formed, such as brain, muscles, lungs, kidneys, alimentary canal and other organs. 

(iv) It also explains about growth of cells. (v) It describes the mechanism of memory. 

(Vi) It provides knowledge about organs, tissues, cells, their molecules and chemically 

Nded atoms. ; 

ov t 

Chemical composition of cell: 

The body of all living organisms is composed of cells. The cells contain a living Substance, called protoplasm. It is responsible for the life of a cell and all important “he of cell are performed in it. 

he protoplasm contains 70 to 90% water. When water is evaporated, the remaining 

'@Ss is the dry weight of the cell. This dry weight is composed of carbon containing ganic motecuis. Th chemical compounds of living organisms are called 

sochnicat( hese biochemicals are composed of six elements, carbon, hydrogen, 

oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur, these substance form the 98% of the bochemicals.) } f 

rroperties and Functions of Elements 

Atomic Molecular nent number/ form of At. Weight utilization n 6/12 CO, D 8/16 O, igen 1/1 H,O gen 7/14 NO;", NH" “iphone 15/34 H,POHPO? 4 8/32 So 

4 

Percentage 

BY Weight in human body 

18.5 

Function 

Basic element of organic compounds. Used in photosynthesis. 

Used in aerobic respiration 65 

Used in photosynthesis as 95 reducing agent, helps in 

the formation of glucose 

with CO, 

Used in amino acid, in the 33 formation of proteins, nucleic acids, hormones, 

enzymes. 

Part of nucleic acid, ATP, 10: 

NAD, NADP, Co-enzymes, phospholipids. 

Part of proteins and co-enzymes